Live attenuated vaccines: Induce both humoral and cellular responses; contraindicated in pregnancy and immunocompromised states. Examples include adenovirus, polio (Sabin), varicella, smallpox, Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), yellow fever, influenza (intranasal), MMR, and rotavirus. Killed or inactivated...
4. Attempts to reduce brain temperature selectively have proved unsuccessful in normothermic subjects and in patients during fever. Nevertheless, it has been shown that local intracranial temperature may be brought to a level below that of the trunk temperature in conscious, neurologically intact ...
Methods: From October 1989 to March 1995, we conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of intravenous ibuprofen (10 mg per kilogram of body weight [maximal dose, 800 mg], given every six hours for eight doses) in 455 patients who had sepsis, defined as fever, ...
The 2023 Nobel prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Katalin Karikó and Drew Weissman for their “discoveries concerning nucleoside base modifications that enabled the development of effective mRNA vaccines against COVID-19”. The duo had started investigating mRNA as a platform for ...
The turnover of fluid is fairly slow in humans, with a basic need of 1.0 mL/kg/h. The body has limited tolerance for losses of body fluid, so the intensivist has to deal with derangements such as hypovolemia, volume depletion, and dehydration. An infusion fluid can be tailored to distri...
Distribution of Nerves in humans (top) and the Neuron (bottom) The central nervous system contains the brain and thespinal cord, while the peripheral nervous system includes nerves and ganglia that are present outside the brain and spinal cord. Through the axons, every part of the body gets ...
Forman ML, Stiehm ER (1969) Impaired opsonic activity but normal phagocytosis in low-birth-weight infants. N Engl J Med 281(17):926–931 ArticleCASPubMedGoogle Scholar Gale RP, Sparkes RS, Golde DW (1978) Bone marrow origin of hepatic macrophages (Kupffer cells) in humans. Science 201(...
TRPM4 is widely expressed in a variety of tissues, with high expression in the heart, pancreas, placenta, and prostate, and lower levels in the kidney, skeletal muscle, liver, intestines, thymus, and spleen in humans [1]. TRPM5 carries an outwardly rectifying current that has a Q10 value...
Dishcloths or other utensils that could inadvertently be shared between humans and animals should never be used for cleaning. Knowledge of the biology and behavior of infectious organisms is necessary to select appropriate disinfectants that will be active against a particular agent in the environment...
(NOMID). A rare severe autoinflammatory disease, caused by constitutively active mutations of the NLRP3 inflammasome gene, that occurs in infancy with symptoms of fever, chronic meningitis, skin rash and arthropathy, also known as chronic infantile neurologic cutaneous articular (CINCA) syndrome. IL...