The resulting "secondary raw material" is used by the cell as building material and/or fuel. The phenomenon of autophagy is difficult to study and was largely unknown until the early 1990s, when Yoshinori Ohsumi conducted an impressive series of experiments with baker's yeast. He successfully ...
Earth’s atmosphere, like most biological systems, is in a constant state of flux governed by oxygen’s generation and destruction; natural processes that surround us every day (Fig.3). The primary source of oxygen on Earth is photosynthesis, the generation of carbohydrates from carbon dioxide ...
Finkel et al. found that the median macromolecular composition of nutrient-sufficient exponentially growing microalgae is 17.3% lipid, 32.2% protein, and 15% carbohydrates [20]. For biofuels, lipids are the most important cellular fraction.Botryococcus brauniihas the highest...
These phases are typically defined by the type of physiological fuel (e.g. carbohydrates, lipids, or proteins) that is being utilized. Transitions from one phase to another may be indirectly identified by changes in hormone levels, enzyme activities, blood metabolites, or body mass. Similar to ...
respectively. The intervention targeted a structured energy restriction of 500–700 kcal/day so may not be representative of a player's optimal energy intake to adequately fuel and recover from training sessions. The player achieved a body mass loss of 2.9 kg (80.9 to 78 kg) during the interv...
These phases are typically defined by the type of physiological fuel (e.g. carbohydrates, lipids, or proteins) that is being utilized. Transitions from one phase to another may be indirectly identified by changes in hormone levels, enzyme activities, blood metabolites, or body mass. Similar to ...
On the contrary, the ketogenic diet is low in carbohydrates (<50 g daily from vegetables) and lipids (only 10 g of olive oil per day) [16]. In this study, anthropometric and biochemical parameters in VLCKD participants before and after eight weeks of diet intervention were investigated, ...
Healthy cells can oxidize several substrates (carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins) for energy production (ATP) and can adapt nutrient oxidation to nutrient availability. Cellular mitochondrial and non-mitochondrial metabolism were evaluated by determining oxygen consumption in white adipocytes treated with br...
In contrast to this literature, several studies, aligning with the results presented here, show that intake of carbohydrates and dietary sugars is associated with a decrement in HPA axis reactivity in both humans and rodents [32,48,49,50,100,101,102,103]. For instance, in humans, a single...