The resulting "secondary raw material" is used by the cell as building material and/or fuel. The phenomenon of autophagy is difficult to study and was largely unknown until the early 1990s, when Yoshinori Ohsumi conducted an impressive series of experiments with baker's yeast. He successfully ...
Finkel et al. found that the median macromolecular composition of nutrient-sufficient exponentially growing microalgae is 17.3% lipid, 32.2% protein, and 15% carbohydrates [20]. For biofuels, lipids are the most important cellular fraction.Botryococcus brauniihas the highest...
Elite male squash has been reported to elicit a mean energy expenditure of 4933 ± 620 kJ/h, a mean heart rate of 92% ± 3% of heart rate maximum (HRmax) and a mean respiratory exchange ratio (RER) of 0.94 ± 0.06 [33], demonstrating the high intensity nature of the sport. However,...
Modulation of the gastrointestinal microbiome with nondigestible fermentable carbohydrates to improve human health. Microbiol Spectr. 2017;5:1–24. 6. McRorie JWJ, McKeown NM. Understanding the physics of functional fibers in the gastrointestinal tract: an evidence-based approach to resolving enduring ...
fiber ash is rich in carbohydrates and plant growth-promoting factors. It is environmentally friendly and inexpensive, making it a suitable biofertilizer for alternative agriculture. Technical training in kelp production and quality management for producers can lead to more sustainable kelp development. Th...
Earth’s atmosphere, like most biological systems, is in a constant state of flux governed by oxygen’s generation and destruction; natural processes that surround us every day (Fig.3). The primary source of oxygen on Earth is photosynthesis, the generation of carbohydrates from carbon dioxide ...
These phases are typically defined by the type of physiological fuel (e.g. carbohydrates, lipids, or proteins) that is being utilized. Transitions from one phase to another may be indirectly identified by changes in hormone levels, enzyme activities, blood metabolites, or body mass. Similar to ...
This is likely cause for concern when swilling menthol, however, it could also apply to other tastants such as caffeine, capsaicin or quinine [15] and sweet carbohydrates [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,15]. Heart rate and Ttym were different over the course of the investigation. This is somewhat ...
45–55% carbohydrates, 15–25% proteins, and 25–35% fat, with the additional dose of 30 g of fiber in the form of fruit and vegetables [15]. On the contrary, the ketogenic diet is low in carbohydrates (<50 g daily from vegetables) and lipids (only 10 g of olive oil per day) ...
It is also a promising alternative fuel that can replace petroleum [21]. In addition, this plant can also survive under stressful conditions and has strong stress resistance and good adaptability to high temperature, drought, and salt stresses [22]. In recent years, the castor plant has been ...