One widely used chemogenetic method in mice and rats is the DREADD (designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs) system in which a mutated muscarinic G protein-coupled receptor is activated by an otherwise inert synthetic ligand, clozapine- N -oxide (CNO). Recently, the Roth ...
effects, most notablyakathisiaand neuroleptic-induced deficit syndrome (Cheung & Schweitzer, 1998; Mullen, 2006). These conditions are hypothesized to make the patient prone to violence by hampering the experience and recognition of emotions, lowering stress reactivity, increasing impulsivity and ...
To assess the effects of barr2 deficiency on b-cell function, we performed islet perfusion experiments. We made the striking observation that glucose (16 mM)-induced insulin release was greatly reduced in the b-barr2-KO islets, as compared with control islets (Fig. 1a,b). Calcium imaging ...
suppression protocol completely silences ~50% of somatostatin interneurons and that the firing rate of the other half is reduced from 20 Hz to less than 4 Hz, is comparable to other groups’ findings using halorhodopsin or Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADDs) fo...
(or withholding) drugs where high or low readings indicate a condition with risky side effects—such as not administering nitroglycerin for angina, which might cause uncontrolled vascular collapse in the patient who already has low BP. An outlier BP reading, with attendant heart rate compensation ...
“intangibles”. When biological functions are re-appraised from this perspective, states of illness can be interpreted as disruptions in organismal dynamics that can have deleterious effects on an organism’s survival [76]. Even if individual elements are functioning properly, if the system parameter...
To explore the effect of neural activity on ketamine-induced apoptosis, the approaches of Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADDs) and an environmental enrichment (EE) were performed. Ketamine-induced apoptosis in S1 is most prominent at postnatal days 5 and 7 (P5 鈥 ...
To assess the effects of barr2 deficiency on β-cell function, we performed islet perfusion experiments. We made the striking observation that glucose (16 mM)-induced insulin release was greatly reduced in the β-barr2-KO islets, as compared with control islets (Fig. 1a,b). Calcium imagin...
Using a transgenic approach to express the Gq-coupled Designer Receptor Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADD) receptor hM3Dq in CRF-neurons, we found that the DREADD ligand clozapine-N-oxide (CNO) produced an acute and robust activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis...
In healthcare environments, the interest in “patient-centred design” of facilities is constantly increasing [27,28]. In addition to case studies on hospitals’ thermal environments in different countries with specific outdoor environments [29,30,31], a designer assessment method has been proposed...