Physics is one of the most exciting natural sciences that can answer a lot of your queries that probably you had as a kid. You must have thought how friction happens? Or what is gravity and how does it work? How we move, is that the law of motion? Probably you had these questions b...
This approach enables us to probe higher-order structures, define scale invariance at various orders and propose a coarse-graining scheme. We validate our approach on controlled synthetic higher-order systems and then use it to detect the presence of order-specific scale-invariant profiles of real-...
It was found, for example, that the AHH magnetic field was 30% below the SL84 value derived with the full SL84 parameter set. Thus we found that the SL84 inversion method was robust and that it provided more reliable and accurate estimates of sunspot vector magnetic fields without ...
Abstract As spins move through a chiral electric field, the resulting spin current can acquire chirality through a spin–orbit interaction. Such spin currents are highly useful in creating spin–orbit torques that can be used to manipulate chiral topological magnetic excitations, for example, chiral ...
isolation because the forces applied by one constraint might influence the forces that are applied by another constraint. That is clearly visible in the example of a chain of rigid bodies connected by revolute joints. For that reason, constraints must be solved as a whole, in a system of ...
(see, for example, refs.4,5). Real-time simulation of nanomagnet dynamics coupled with transport modules allows accurate transient simulations from which device characteristics can be obtained. Powerful tools and analysis options of mature circuit simulators greatly ease a wide range of measurements ...
The Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) stationarity condition yields a system of equations that can be solved directly for the PC2 coefficients. This approach is a natural extension of the ordinary least squares (OLS) approach, as used in standard PCE [27], to incorporate known equality-type constraints...
The linear system can be solved by either direct or iterative methods. In this work, we employ the iterative method of preconditioned conjugate gradients (MATLAB: pcg), which is optimal for being large, sparse and nonnegative definite. As a preconditioner, the incomplete Cholesky decomposition of...
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This is an example of what is called an operational definition; we describe the actual process that is to be followed to get a practical measurement of the quantity in question. Notice especially that we are not defining the weight of an object as the gravitational force on it. The second ...