Understanding the degradation of physical and mechanical properties of subgrade materials under FTC is crucial for infrastructure stability in permafrost regions. Previous studies have extensively examined the impacts of FTC on various rock types, including granite, sandstone, and limestone. For instance, ...
The Greenland ice cap is vulnerable to fairly rapid melting, enhancing freshwater flow into the Atlantic. Arctic basin permafrost is melting, adding to this flux. Arctic Ocean sea ice extent in summer has fallen by 10–15 per cent in fifty years and may be thinning by 5–10 per cent yr...
In this review paper, we explore latest results concerning a few key tipping elements of the Earth system in the ocean, cryosphere, and land realms, namely the Atlantic overturning circulation and the subpolar gyre system, the marine ecosystems, the permafrost, the Greenland and Antarctic ice sh...
The debris flow density ranges from 1800 to 2400 kg/m3, twice the density of mud slurry [32,33]. Climate change (e.g., intense rainfall), deforestation, and earthquakes are the primary causes of debris flows [34–36]. Additionally, wildfires, melting glaciers, and disruption of snow ...