Finally, we demonstrate that the reason that nature really chose phosphate is due to interplay between two counteracting effects : on the one hand, phosphates are negatively charged and the resulting charge-charge repulsion with the attacking nucleophile contributes to the very high barrier for ...
However, although phosphate groups provide highly effective dispersion in cementitious systems, they have a major environmental disadvantage due to formaldehyde and non-biodegradable phenolethoxylate used in its synthesis [19,36]. The binding of phosphonate and phosphate groups with Ca2+ is more complex...
In the mutant D137T a negative charge close to the binding site is neutralized, causing the opposite effect: The association rate is increased by a factor of about 3 compared to the wild-type. Due to this stronger attraction of the negatively charged phosphate ion, the minimum associated to...
This may be due to the influence of phosphate ester groups on the formation of a helical starch-iodine in- clusion complex. Finally, the decreased iodine affinity may be due to the repulsion between negatively charged phosphate groups and I3–, leading to diminished iodine absorption capacity. ...
Excess phosphate in water is known to cause eutrophication, and its removal is imperative. Nanoclay minerals are widely used in environmental remediation due to their low-cost, adequate availability, environmental compatibility, and adsorption efficiency
Inorganic P is negatively charged in most soils. Because of its particular chemistry, P reacts readily with positively charged calcium (Ca), iron (Fe) and aluminum (Al) ions to form relatively insoluble substances. When this occurs, the P is considered “fixed” or “tied up”. Thus, P ...
Since our structure was obtained at ~pH 7.4, bound Pi is likely in dibasic form. However, as the exact position of the hydrogen group and oxygen groups in Pi could not be defined due to limit in resolution of our XPR1 structure, specific interactions involved in Pi binding could not be ...
BMP is negatively charged at lysosomal pH and highly resistant to degradation in acidic compartments. Because of these features, it is believed that BMP can form a stable docking station for luminal acid hydrolases and lipid-binding proteins that are positively charged at acidic p...
To conclude, plasma levels of S1P and HDL content of S1P precursors species in patients with T2D were inversely associated with a high risk of atherosclerosis development. Low content of sphingosine-1-phosphate species in high-density lipoproteins is associated with a high coronary artery calcification...
27,28,34 Steatorrhea (increased fat content in feces) and diseases causing chronic diarrhea result in decreased intestinal phosphate absorption and secondary hyperparathyroidism due to vitamin D deficiency. Both mechanisms contribute to hypophosphatemia in this subset of patients. Iatrogenic hypophosphatemia ...