congress met inMalolos, north of Manila, which drew up a fundamental law derived from European and Latin American precedents. A government was formed on the basis of that constitution in January 1899, with Aguinaldo as president of the new country, popularly known as the “Malolos Republic.”...
Cronyism, Oligarchy and Governance in the Philippines: 1970s vs. 2020sdoi:10.1080/10999922.2022.2139656Crony capitalisminequalitymartial lawpolitical dynastyrent-seekingMartial Law exacerbated cronyism and oligarchy by concentrating political power into the hands of one political clan. Technocratic industrial...
Second, it analyses the established urban planning constitution, and many practicing experiences occurred in the urban space after martial law. Third, it ... 黃瑞茂 被引量: 1发表: 1998年 Between Citizen & Subject: Placing the People in Machiavelli's Political Imagination The main objective of ...
early 1970sThe Communist New People's Army and the Moro National Liberation Front, a Muslim separatist movement in the south, waged guerrilla war on the government. 1972Marcos suspended the constitution, declaredmartial law, and seized dictatorial powers. ...
especially from the 1970s, when corruption and cronyism (the practice of appointing friends to well-paid posts regardless of their qualifications) took hold. In 1972, Marcos declared a state of emergency and placed the country under martial law to stifle unrest and control economic development. ...
During the period of martial law (1972–81) under President Ferdinand E. Marcos, the old constitution was abolished and replaced by a new document (adopted in January 1973) that changed the Philippine government from a U.S.-style presidential system to a parliamentary form. The president ...
In the early 1970s, Aquino was a prominent critic of the President of the Philippines at that time - Ferdinand Marcos. Martial law was declared in September 1972 and Aquino was imprisoned. While in prison, Aquino continued to campaign for democracy and even stood for election. ...
Marcos (1965–86) declared martial law, citing growing lawlessness and open rebellion by the communist rebels as his justification. Marcos governed from 1973 until mid-1981 in accordance with the transitory provisions of a new constitution that replaced the commonwealth constitution of 1935. He ...
When President Marcos declared martial law in 1972, that constitution was replaced by another one providing for a head of state, a prime minister, and a unicameral legislature. The president had the power to dissolve the legislature, appoint the prime minister, and declare himself prime minister....
Marcos, for her role in the torture and murder of Archimedes Trajano, for her involvement in the 2017 Tobacco Excise Tax funds scandal, and for becoming a Philippine Senator in 2019.During her father's martial law rule, she played various political roles including chairperson of the Kabataang ...