Describe waves and particles. Why does a particle move like a wave? What, if any, phase change occurs when light, traveling in the air, reflects from the interface between the air and a soap film (n = 1.33)? What is the meaning of a diode?
Technical Editor Hugh Robjohns replies:Much confusion arises because the term 'phase' is frequently misused to mean polarity or delay — which are entirely different things. In its correct meaning, phase refers to the point of progression through a cyclical signal, a complete cycle being 360 degr...
When two waves are in phase, their peaks and troughs align, resulting in constructive interference. Antiphase, on the other hand, occurs when two waves are 180 degrees out of phase, meaning their peaks align with the troughs of the other wave, leading to destructive interference. What are ...
It is applied in the photon number of the off-resonant light field in the sense of quantum non-demolition (QND) measurement [61,62]. As its name suggests, a parametric amplifier amplifies the intensity of the injected light field, meaning the amplification of the signal and noise. However,...
In the course at a given frequency a phase angle is without meaning, if the phase angle is only twice as large in the case of double frequency, and three times as large in triplicate, etc. Courtesy of David Moulton Laboratories (About Comb Filtering, Phase Shift and Polarity Reversal) Elec...
The Fermi surface in the TVX in Fig. 3d is threefold rotationally symmetric, meaning the breaking of the sixfold rotational symmetry of the triangular lattice, as expected from the above discussion. This leads to a nonreciprocal transport in itinerant electrons. Notably, there appear threefold ...
This section is devoted to discussing in more detail the physical meaning of the position-momentum correlation employed in this work, how it affects the Gouy phase, the basic derivations, and the interpretation of each parameter that appears in the two cross-Wigner functions analyzed here. Position...
It is important to recognize the meaning of “negative” frequencies. In reality, only positive frequencies exist and can be measured, but as shown the spectrum, magnitude or phase, of a real-valued signal requires negative frequencies. It is only under this context that negative frequencies shou...
We show how simple coherent model sources, which are composed of sums of plane waves, can be converted into partially coherent model sources. As examples of this we give the most general expressions for the uniform intensity and sinusoidal intensity sources of infinite extent. Modal power coupling...
Two waves are often referred to as being ‘out of phase’ if their peaks and troughs aren’t perfectly aligned, but the most important implication from a production perspective occurs when the waves are 180º out of phase, meaning their amplitudes are identical in magnitude but one is posit...