A control circuit 126 generates power relating to the RLC circuit and a differential signal relating to instantaneous difference between preset values, and supplies a control signal 124 to the generator 122. The output of the generator 122 is sent to a gate pulse generator 128, and ignites a ...
In the loop filter, extra poles and zeros should be introduced to filter out high-frequency signals from the PFD and the CP. The PLL will be “locked” when the phase difference between F REF and F BACK is kept constant. Therefore, the phases of F REF and F BACK are aligned, ...
−wJ (19) By looking at the matrix in Equation (10), it is clear that in the con- sidered circuit QED system, we have found a Hamiltonian of the same form as the one obtained for the cavity QED case. However, there is a fundamental difference, which is crucial for the ...
A simple three-phase generator has three separate identical coils (or windings) that are arranged such that there is a phase difference of 120° between the three voltages (phases) induced in each of the windings. The three phases are independent of each other. The instantaneous voltages in ea...
For the calculation of \(\varvec{e}\), the usual expression as a function of the potential difference \(\Delta v\) existing between a pair of parallel perfect conducting wires separated by a distance d will be used. The rationale is that, in two dimensions, the value of the field \(...
Phase-locked loops (PLLs) have many applications in the communications world. The main purpose of aPLLcircuit is to synchronize an output oscillator signal with a reference signal. When the phase difference between the two signals is zero, the system is “locked.” A PLL is a closed-loop sy...
Compared to work on drive circuit design for TWUSM based on the phase difference between the two-phase voltages, less research has been done in other areas of drive circuit design for TWUSM. Only the phase difference control strategy offers the advantage of bidirectional rotation, while the othe...
frequencybands.Inrecentyears,therehasbeenaworldwideinteresttodevelopmoreversatilecompo-nents,whichcanfulfiltherequirementsofthemulti-frequencyoperation.Thepowercombiner/dividerhasbeenlongofinterest,whichisextensivelyusedinmicrowaveandcommuni-cationsystems.Accordingtothephasedifferencebetweenthetwooutputports,thepower...
In the stable case, the winning PO works nearly inphase with the CO, while the absolute values of the difference between the phases of other POs and the CO exceed π/2. In the oscillatory version of WTA there is a single winner which works nearly inphase with the CO, while the phases...
meV The (see energy difference Fig. 2(a). In order to calculate the miniband structures caused by an in-plane periodic potential induced by the triangular antidot lattice, we reduce the eight-band model to an effective four-band k · p Hamiltonian by includ- ing the lowest 20...