Considering the sinusoidal waveform, the phase difference is explained as the time gap where the wave either falls behind or leads in correspondence to another wave. This term is just a characteristic of a single wave and it is the relative characteristic of either two or more waves. This is ...
3) three-point difference equations 三点式差分方程4) difference equation 差分方程 1. Oscillation of second order neutral difference equation with continuous arguments; 具有连续变量的二阶中立型差分方程的振动性 2. Existence of multiple positive solutions of a class of p-Laplacian difference ...
With continuous notation, equation (4) becomes (5)Read more View chapterExplore book Heat transfer and fluid flow theory D.A. Reay, ... R.J. McGlen, in Heat Pipes (Sixth Edition), 2014 2.3.5.1 Introduction The total vapour phase difference in pressure will be the sum of the pressure ...
we perturb the interferometric measurement by making the driving field weakly elliptic. We can then expand the geometric phase equation (1) to the first order in the ellipticity of the field,ϵ(Supplementary Information), leading to the accumulation of symmetric Δεg(ϵ) and anti-symmetric ...
An efficient and accurate numerical method is implemented for solving the time-dependent Ginzburg—Landau equation and the Cahn—Hilliard equation. The time variable is discretized by using semi-implicit schemes which allow much larger time step sizes than explicit schemes; the space variables are disc...
Remarkably, the triple phase transition is observed by changing a single parameter, which can be purely Hermitian (strength of the nearest-neighbour coupling) or purely non-Hermitian (strength of the non-Hermitian gauge field), both of which we connect in a phase transition equation. Fig. 1: ...
Looking at the PDE, it may not be clear why the Allen–Cahn equation is related to the MCF as its phase field model. This was indeed an open question for more than 10 years. It took a considerable amount of effort by many researchers before the above convergence result was proved (Bron...
For the linear constant-coefficient difference-equation case, the system function H(z) is rational in the form where a 0 and b 0 are real, and {d k } and {c k } are the poles and zeros, respectively. jw e z jw jw jw z
Equation (13) predicts QBER_{MZI} for 10 kHz and 4 MHz linewidth lasers as 0.02\% and 0.27\%, respectively. The QBER curves in Fig. 6a,b are validated by experimental data. An upward shift in QBER in Fig. 6b is thus an increment in the baseline error due to the effect of laser ...
frequency of 1000 Hz. The range of interest for the high frequency was set to [40, 90] Hz whereas the low frequency range was chosen to be [2, 12] Hz. The two methods were compared by calculating the relative error rate of the estimated coupling strength using the following equation:...