After lowpass filtering, VQ=V0sin(θ)/2. Next, the magnitude of voltage is computed as |V|=VI2+VQ2. Finally, | Z|=|V|/|i|. The phase difference can be obtained by dividing VQ and VI: VQ/VI=tan(θ) θ=tan−1VQVI Example 9.2 Find the impedance if the input current is i...
Phas difference controller for use in equipments having a photoelastic modulator, such as ellipsometers and optical rotatory dispersion meters. For enabling the photoelastic modulator to produce the constant amplitude of the phase difference regardless of the change in the wavelength of light incident int...
To pass into or through a solid object. Face To acknowledge and accept or deal with Had to face the facts. Must be willing to face our problems. Phase (science fiction) To use a phaser. Face To bring or to be brought face to face with "The prospect of military conflict ... faced ...
(AC) circuit with pure inductance. The difference in phase angle between the voltage and the current is 90°, and the current is said to lag one-quarter cycle in phase. This lag may be seen from the diagram. In AC power transmission the termsmultiphase andpolyphase are applied to currents...
The difference in phase lag between the ideal 90° and simple differences at any given frequency is equivalent to half the sample time, as was discussed in Section 5.6.2. 18.2.1.1 Form of Observer The observer structure that eliminates the phase lag generated by simple differences is shown in...
(2) is slightly adapted to the form \({\varphi }_{n}^{u}={\left(-1\right)}^{m}n{\rm{\pi }}\phi \) and \({\varphi }_{n}^{v}=0\), which is equivalent to the used modulation, as the lattice symmetry and the relative phase difference between the u and v components is...
9O ° - phase shifter with a frequency divider (tr1, tr2), phase shift means (1), which are connected to the frequency divider, for generating output signals with a predetermined phase difference of 90°, wherein the phase shift means (1), the output signals, based on a first input si...
The invention provides an improved method and apparatus for detecting the phase difference between a digital data signal and a clock signal. By ensuring that no pulse in the output phase signal is narrow enough to introduce a non-lineari... RW Spagnoletti,AP Sparks,SR Foster - US 被引量:...
Phase shifters as two-port networks control the phase difference between the input and the output ports. Phase shifters are defined as digital as the differential phase shift can be changed only a few predestined discrete values. On the other hand, analog phase shifters are defined when the ...
Ideally, the phase modulation should be a random step function (0 or π) but in actual implementation, electronic signals are constrained by significant fall and rise times. Thus, adjacent coherent optical pulses don’t exhibit purely 0 or π phase difference and contribute to QBER. Electro-...