1. Long-distance commerce acted as a motor of change in pre-modern world history by altering consumption and daily life. Essential food and useful tools such as salt were traded from the Sahara desert all the way to West Africa and salt was used as a food preserver. Some incenses essentia...
Did King Xerxes expand the Persian army? Was Saudi Arabia part of the Persian Empire? Was Persia part of the Ottoman Empire? Was the Persian Empire peaceful? Did Alexander the Great rule the Persian Empire? Was Esther married to Xerxes? Was the Persian Empire Muslim? Was Persepolis the capit...
when its lands included much of West Asia, the Caucasus, as well as parts of the Balkans, Black Sea coastal regions, North Caucasus, and Central Asia. Under Darius' rule, the kingdom stretched to the Indus Valley in the far east and portions ...
Many words ofPersianorigin have made their way into theEnglish languagethrough different, often circuitous, routes. Some of them, such as "paradise", date to cultural contacts between thePersiansand the ancient Greeks or Romans and through Greek and Latin found their way to English. Persian as ...
kingdom in Parsa (modern Fars, in southwestern Iran) in the Marv Dasht plain, betweenPersepolisandPasargadae. It had been under the rule of the Assyrians and then may have been under the control of Media*. Young suggests that this kingdom wasn't known as Persia until the start of the ...
Pasargadae, first dynastic capital of the Persian Achaemenian dynasty, situated on a plain northeast of Persepolis in southwestern Iran. According to tradition, Cyrus II (the Great; reigned 559–c. 529 bce) chose the site because it lay near the scene of
grew, Astyages learned of his survival but took no action. Years later, Cyrus, now ruler of Anshan, led his army against Persis, the capital of Media, and deposed his maternal grandfather, King Astyages, around 550 BCE. He then incorporated the Median Empire into his Persian Kingdom. ...
A bas-relief at the Apadana, Persepolis, depicting Armenians bringing their famous wine to the king Nowruz After Islam After Islam arrived, many celebrations in Iran were forgotten because of rulers and Islamists. However, Nowruz remained important and continued to be celebrated as a national fes...
[11] Persepolis, Susa and other Persian palace sites continued the garden development of Cyrus. According to Herodotus inHistoryI.108, King Astyages had a dream about his daughter Mandane, the Median mother of Cyrus the Great, in which he envisioned her pregnancy as a fruitful vine that ...
It is likely that the New Kingdom knew of the effects of, for example, mandrake, poppy, and cannabis as narcotics, sedatives, and pain relievers as well as their mind-altering properties [107,140], and therefore used in ritual magic and healing [140]. It is possible that the portrayal...