The Persian Empire started as a collection of semi-nomadic tribes who raised sheep, goats and cattle on the Iranian plateau. Cyrus the Great—the leader of one such tribe—began to defeat nearby kingdoms, including Media, Lydia andBabylon, joining them under one rule. He founded the first Pe...
Persis, ancient country in the southwestern part of Iran, roughly coextensive with the modern region of Fārs. Its name was derived from the Iranian tribe of the Parsua (Parsuash; Parsumash; Persians), who settled there in the 7th century bc. Herodotus l
Tehrān - Ancient Capital, Persian Empire, Modern Metropolis: The first time Tehrān is mentioned in historical accounts is in an 11th-century chronicle in which it is described as a small village north of Rayy (Ray). Archaeological remains from the city
Administration of the Persian Achaemenid World-State Empire: Implications for Modern Public Administration - Farazmand - 1998A. Farazmand, ‘Administration of the Persian Achaemenid World-State Empire: Implications for Modern Public Administration’, International Journal of Public Administration , vol. 21...
The Persian Wars presented an existential threat to the freedom of Greece. With the Greeks triumphant in the wars, they ensured Greek ideas would later spread across Europe. The wars also indirectly led to the destruction of the Persian Empire at Greek and Macedonian hands almost 150 later. ...
The first four books cover the culture, history, and social structure of the Persian Empire, and the last five books cover the events of the war. Although modern historians disagree on Herodotus's reasoning behind this split, it is likely that he knew that the Greek people would need a ...
King Dareios did not advance directly from the heart of the Persian Empire across the Caucasus, going beyond the river Phasis that was the official borderline; rather, he decided on a plan of attacking the Skythians from the rear. Accordingly, he moved his troops all around the Black Sea ...
However, after the demise of the Sasanian Empire by the Rashidun Caliphate (632-661 CE), and later the establishment of the Abbasid Caliphate (750-1258 CE) in Baghdad, the sea trading route towards the east was dominated by the Arab merchants. There were two main sea trading route, the ...
During the reign of the Persian Seleucid Empire, the Babylonians used ‘Goal Year’ tests to predict the motions of planets, and devised elaborate mathematical functions to predict cosmological phenomena, without consulting past records. This must have strengthened the link between astronomy and astrolo...
After the Islamic conquest of the Persian Sassanian Empire in 642 AD, Arabic became the language of government, culture and especially religion.Modern Persian appeared during the 9th century. It is written in a version of the Arabic script and is full of words of Arabic origin. There are ...