The meaning of PERIODONTITIS is inflammation of the supporting structures of the teeth and especially the periodontal membrane.
Periodontitisis a form ofgingivitis, which causes inflammation of gum tissue, typically caused by an array of bacteria. The connection betweenperiodontal diseaseandADis shown via inflammation of the brain, a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of AD. A debate on the mechanisms which relate perio...
26,29,55,56,61]. Six studies provided clear definitions of controls. Specifically, two studies used CPITN ≤ 2 (0, normal; 1, gingivitis with bleeding on probing; 2, presence of calculus) as controls [54,62], while
only one of the studies used the recommended standardised case definition of periodontitis144. The majority of the studies focused on gingivitis-related indices, whereas only four studies specifically investigated an association with periodontitis32,39,46,47. This is because many of the studies investig...
Several studies have proposed the existence of an association between periodontitis and chronic kidney disease (CKD) based on biological premises. There is
We considered that this apparent discrepancy was due to differences in the study population; the previous studies also investigated peri-implant biofilm using pyrotag sequencing, while the samples were collected from not only peri-implantitis but also gingivitis/peri-mucotitis24 or from different ...
Ainamo J, Bay I (1975) Problems and proposals for recording gingivitis and plaque. Int Dent J 25(4):229–235 PubMed Google Scholar Tonetti MS, Greenwell H, Kornman KS (2018) Staging and grading of periodontitis: framework and proposal of a new classification and case definition. J Per...
treatment induces a shift back to an early inflammatory state, where IL-17A is a driving force. To further investigate this hypothesis, it would be beneficial for future studies to compare salivary IL-17A across a range of clinical states, including post-treatment PD, gingivitis and healthy ...
treatment induces a shift back to an early inflammatory state, where IL-17A is a driving force. To further investigate this hypothesis, it would be beneficial for future studies to compare salivary IL-17A across a range of clinical states, including post-treatment PD, gingivitis and healthy ...
Calprotectin, S100A8/A9, is the marker for gingivitis and periodontitis [30, 31]. Since the main extracellular form of S100A8 and S100A9 is as a heterodimer (S100A8/A9 or calprotectin), the role of calprotectin should have been considered. Down regulation of S100A9 protein could indicate ...