A pyranometer was used to measure the total solar radiation on the front surface of the collector. An I-V curve tracer measured the max power, short circuit current, and open circuit current. The water flow rate
“difference” in the two phase profiles. In practice, the CR can be compromised by incomplete switching of the meta-atoms and is thus also an essential measure of the metalens’ optical quality. For the cases of diffractive optical elements (DOEs) or metasurfaces (the latter of which are ...
However, in practice, this parameter is complicated to measure [82]. used a methodology to measure thermocline thickness in a TES system with and without a packed bed. In their study, the authors defined the thermocline as the area between isothermal surfaces 3 °C above the discharge ...
Useful Daylight Illuminance (UDI) was established to measure how often annual daylight illuminances within a range are achieved across indoor working planes [46]. UDI metrics have adopted several ranges to define various indoor daylight illuminances [46]: <100 lx - too dark; > 3000 lx - too...