Micropension schemeEconomic viabilityCentral Bank of Kenya RatesDefined contribution scheme.Micro- pension schemes are meant to insulate low income earners from old age poverty. The formulation of such a model requires a delicate balance between economic viability and adequate generation of income returns...
Conventionally, contribution rates for defined-benefit pension plans have been set with reference to funding levels without making allowance for current market interest rates: for example, on one-year bonds where rates of return on fund assets are not independent from one year to the next. We con...
To remain competitive and to boost profitability, manufacturers in capital-intensive and highly competitive industries want to maximize throughput and mini... A. J. de Ron,JE Rooda - 《IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing》 被引量: 8发表: 2005年 Problems facing Kenya's pension system:...
Infrastructure is said to share attractive financial characteristics, in particular: long term, stable cash flows; good inflation hedge; low sensitivity to swings in the economy and markets; low correlation of returns with other asset classes; relatively low default rates; sustainability (for ...
Zamara said the sub-par returns last year were caused by an underperforming equities market, as well as fair value losses on bond holdings after a sharp increase in yields caused prices to retreat in the secondary market. “This decline was driven by negative bond valuations and...
rates on global retirement incomes have been kept at near-record lows over the past decade in order to support the economy as it recovers from the 2008 financial crash. This means that people retiring today will ultimately receive just half the income of those who became pensioners in 2000. ...
The organization initially started work in five of the poorest countries: Haiti, Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda and Zambia. After some initial success, the founder decided to focus on one country while she ensured that her business model was as scalable and self-sustaining as possible. She wanted to ma...
3.2. Mortality Behavior and Rate Improvement in Ghana From Figure 1, mortality from the last two decades shows more pronounced decline rates. Additionally, Figure 2 shows the mortality improvement (i.e., female, male, and total) that has been witnessed in the Ghana adult population since 1960...
The aging of the population and low economic growth rates have led to a crisis in pension systems on a global scale and have determined the urgency of ensuring the stable functioning of the pension system. Pension provision as a form of material support for certain categories of citizens arose...