It is the reciprocal of the peak factor and should be measured within specified time-intervals that will provide realistic values for the specific purposes of a particular analysis of a water supply and distribution system. This paper briefly reviews some previous studies on peak factors and ...
Another source of confusion, and hence a factor of 2, is that the authors do not always stipulate whether the spectrum presented uses wave height or wave amplitude as the basic statistic employed in the determination of the spectrum. Assuming the Rayleigh distribution is applicable, the indicated...
Peak oil theory, a contention that conventional sources of crude oil, as of the early 21st century, either have already reached or are about to reach their maximum production capacity worldwide and will diminish significantly in volume by the middle of t
While the PPCMWD#1 is ultimately responsible for developing and maintaining the raw water supply and treatment facility needs for the City under an agreement between these parties, the City and its customers bear the burden of responsibility for the costs associated with the board’s activities and...
die and sink to the bottom, smothering plants and depleting oxygen. This leads to massive die-offs of all sea life within these areas and is a major contributing factor, along with agricultural run-off from the Mississippi River, to the 8,000-square-mile dead zone in the Gulf of Mexico....
Long-distance transmission lines can transmit power on the ground for some distance, but there will be large losses for transcontinental transmission—it is not feasible to produce power in the Mojave Desert and use it in New York. Ground solar is worse by a factor of 2 for areas of the ...
the U.S. Department of Energy released a highly anticipated study on the reliability of the U.S. electricity grid. The DOE report concludes that far from becoming dangerously unstable, the electricity grid has “withstood a number of stresses”. The greatest factor in the massive wave of coal...
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(Load factor is the ratio of average demand to peak demand). Therefore, when creating a model of half-hourly demand, it is important to account for the changes in the gas demand profile as the external temperature changes. This approach is quite different from that of Sansom (2014), who ...
On the Cameron Peak Fire, extreme temperatures, low humidity, rough terrain and gusty winds reaching over 70 miles per hour were just some of the elements that contributed to extreme fire behavior and rapid rates of spread. A major contributing factor to the large fire growth was the tremendous...