The resistance changes of a Pd|H electrode caused by the co-conduction of the electrolyte, the concentration-cell effect and collection of electrolysis current in the in situ resistance measurement using direct currents are calculated analytically. Some advice is given for resistance measurements....
As a very promising immunotherapy, PD-1/PD-L1 blockade has revolutionized the treatment of a variety of tumor types, resulting in significant clinical efficacy and lasting responses. However, these therapies do not work for a large proportion of patients initially, which is called primary resistanc...
The interaction between PD-1 and its ligand (programmed death-ligand 1, PD-L1) plays an essential role in maintaining self-tolerance and avoiding autoimmune diseases. However, PD-1/PD-L1 could also prevent the activation of T cells in the tumor and thus result in immune resistance [5]. ...
However, the fundamental restrictions of cisplatin’s therapeutic use are the side effects and resistance mechanisms that commonly accompany cisplatin-based therapy. Soon after the introduction of cisplatin into the clinic, other platinum compounds were developed to mitigate the negative effects of ...
We give an overview of current FDA-approved drugs targeting PD-1 or PD-L1 and summarise clinical progress so far. We then discuss key mechanisms thought to underpin resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade, describing biomarkers that could allow patient responses to be predicted before treatment, and...
aThe IEEE802.3af standard stipulates a PSE output voltage from 44 V to 57 V, with an ICUT (represents a[translate] aworst-case feed resistance of 20 W (from IEEE802.3af), this results in a limit of 12.95 W at the PD’s input,[translate]...
We present the experimental study of the spin Hall angle (SHA) and spin diffusion length of Pd with the spin pumping and microwave photoresistance effects. The Py/Pd bilayer stripes are excited with an out-of-plane microwave magnetic field. The pure spin current is thus pumped and transforms...
In this work, we report quantitative Schottky barrier heights for Au and Pd contacts to MoS2 obtained by analysing low temperature transistor characteristics and contact resistance data obtained using the transfer length method. Both Au and Pd exhibit n-type behavior on multilayer as well as ...
随着PD-1/PD-L1免疫检查点抑制剂临床试验及应用的广泛开展,大量相关药物批准上市,分别获得美国食品药品监督管理局(Food and Drug Administration, FDA)、欧盟(European Communities, CE)认证和国家药品监督管理局(National Medical Products Adm...
On epitaxial layers with Na–Nd=4×10 18 cm 3 a specific contact resistance of 4×10 4 Ωcm 2 has been measured. Electrical and structural features of these contacts were investigated.关键词: Ohmic contact Potential barrier SiC Specific contact resistance ...