Pay-as-bid auctions are commonly used to sell treasury securities, purchase government debt, distribute electrical generation, and allocate emissions credits. In spite of the practical relevance of the format, the pay-as-bid auction is a fundamentally misunderstood object. As compared to other ...
Furthermore, this pay-as-bid approach is more transparent as the price for obtaining the firm status does not depend on system operating conditions that may change from one auction to another. The proposed procedure could also be used to allocate FTRs 展开 ...
The price increase can be traced back to an abuse of the auction's pay-as-bid mechanism by the two largest firms. In contrast to theoretical findings, we show that pay-as-bid auctions do not necessarily reduce incentives for strategic capacity withholding and collusive behavior, but can even...
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expected revenue in the descending pay-per-bid auction is less than that in the ascending pay-per-bid auction. Finally, the impacts of some controllable factors, i.e. the starting price, the bid fee and the bid decrement, on the expected revenue are analyzed. Utilizing numerical examples, ...
C. bid D. auction 选C。 四个词都不难。 application“申请”,多指正式的,书面的。 merge,动词“合并”,多用于商业语境等,强调较小事物融合成较大的事物,且有合并事物之间差异逐渐消失的意味,后常搭配介词with和into。 bid“出价”,尤指拍卖中,收购某公司等。bid还有“竞标、努力争取”等含义。
The spot market works based on a pay as bid auction or a discriminatory price auction. The market clearing price (MCP) is uncertain, and we consider a probabilistic model for it. Regarding the literature of the bidding problem and forecasting methods of MCP, a normal probability density ...
price, the pay-as-bid auction and the uniform-price auction---the other common format for allocating multiple homogeneous units---are revenue-equivalent; without the ability to set a reserve price, the pay-as-bid auction weakly revenue-dominates all equilibria of the uniform-price auction. The...
auction price based reactive power market, on the other hand, can possibly lead the ISO to adapt pay-as-bid scheme to clear reactive power market. (3) In the PAB based active power market, the participants do not bid their real price and try to bid near the system mar- ...
If you win an auction, eBay will automatically charge your preferred payment method for the total amount of the item, plus shipping and taxes, as soon as the auction ends. If you are the high bidder on an auction, but the seller does not accept your bid, eBay will not charge you for...