Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the primary cause of chronic kidney disease around the globe and is one of the main complications in patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes. The standard treatment for DKD is drugs controlling hyperglycemia and high blood pressure. Renin angiotensin aldosterone system...
In vivo studies further corroborate the role of glycated proteins in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. Reduction or neutralization of glycated albumin in the db/db mouse model of type 2 diabetes significantly ameliorates the proteinuria, renal insufficiency, mesangial expansion, and overexpression ...
Using the drug-induced model to study the pathogenesis means that the initiating cause is at least known. Some aspects of the immunology are similar to graft-versushost reaction, thus providing more of an insight; however, the current state of knowledge is imperfect and, as a consequence, the...
Overview of the NAD+metabolism and its physiological function. Mammalian cells can synthesize NAD+de novo from tryptophan by the kynurenine pathway or from NA by the Preiss‐Handler pathway, while most NAD+is recycled via salvage pathways from nicotinamide (NAM), a by-production of NAD+-consuming...
(c) the glucagon suppressors leptin and somatostatin suppress all catabolic manifestations of diabetes during total insulin deficiency; (d) total β cell destruction in glucagon receptor-null mice does not cause diabetes; and (e) perfusion of normal pancreas with anti-insulin serum causes marked ...
SGLT-2 inhibitors; acute heart failure; cardiovascular disease; type 2 diabetes mellitus; mechanism; outcome1. The Entity of Acute Heart Failure Acute heart failure (HF) is defined as the new onset (first manifestation of HF) or worsening of symptoms and signs of HF (acute decompensation of ...
Aims: Cervical artery dissection is the most common cause of stroke in the young. To date, there is no conclusive evidence on which antithrombotic therapy should be used to treat patients. We aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of antiplatelets (aspirin) and anticoagulants (vitamin K ...