Up to this point we've always used a single frame buffer for the camera, which contained both color and depth information. This is the typical frame buffer configuration, but the color and depth data are always stored in separate buffers, known as frame buffer attachments. To access the dept...
As used herein, keeping the particles moving means that the particles are always moving in a downward direction, even if the velocity of movement in the downward direction is relatively small. Movement of particles in the downward direction in one portion of the bed can generally be achieved by...
A particle is a point moving in space based on some simulation rules. These points are often rendered as tiny 2D quads that are always facing the camera (billboarding) and (usually) contain a texture with large parts of the texture being transparent. A particle, in our OpenGL game case,...
The motion (position, velocity, and acceleration) of a particle can be described in different coordinates, but two commonly used coordinate systems are rectangular Cartesian coordinates and cylindrical coordinates. A particle is subject to a force that is always directed toward a fixed point O. ...
Visually, the results can never be entirely free of artifacts, because there is no perfect way to downsample depth values. So there will always be some undersampling issues. However, in a game, particles such as explosions are often fast moving, so small artifacts may be acceptable. Our...
In any collision (as in any other phenomenon), energy, momentum, and angular momentum are always conserved. Judicious application of these laws may be extremely useful because they do not depend in any way on the detailed nature of the interaction (i.e., the force as a function of ...
Particle accelerator - Synchrotrons, Particles, Physics: As the particles in a synchrotron are accelerated, the strength of the magnetic field is increased to keep the radius of the orbit approximately constant. This technique has the advantage that the
Black holes are often described in astrophysical scenarios as rotating compact objects characterized by their spin parameter, which is responsible for their energetics. The first exact solutions for charged black holes were derived independently by Reissner and Nordström and involved a combination of ge...
[Can’t have one in your hand though, since photons (in vacuum) are always moving.] But if two electrons pass near each other, as in Figure 1, they will, because of their electric charge, disturb the electromagnetic field, sometimes called the photon field because its ripples are pho...
Three particles of equal masses are placed at the corners of an equilateral triangle as shown in the figure. Now particle A starts with a velocity v1 towards line AB, particle B starts with a velocity v2 towards line BC and particle C starts with velocity v3 towards line CA. The displacem...