CRF is the capital recovery factor (18.2%), N is the number of annual plant-operating hours (8000 h), and φ is a maintenance factor (1.06). In addition, cf is the fuel cost per unit of energy (0.004 $/MJ). Table 2 indicates the cost constants adopted for each component. The foll...
where M, which is known as the particle number, can be seen as a reference sample size or normalization factor (further explanations are provided in Refs. [134,135]). 6.2.1.5 Stochastic particle systems for collision-agglomeration Using the stochastic particle systems developed for the collision ...
where x∗ is the mutated particle, F is the scale factor of mutation, r1, r2, r3, r4 are random integer values in (0,n] and not equal to i, respectively. Specific particles are selected for mutation with the screening conditions as follows: x(k+1)={x∗,if(rand(0,1)<Crori=...
Scale up factors, batch-plant, showed a correlation with particle size classes, where the scale up factor increases (1.5-2.5), when particle size increases (20-150 mu m), according to the data. This effect becomes stronger for particle sizes larger than 100 mu m, reaching scale up values...
and one anomalous U(1) group factor \begin{aligned}&{U(1)}_A = -3 {U(1)}_1 - {U(1)}_2+2{U(1)}_3-{U(1)}_4\ ,\nonumber \\&\quad \mathrm{Tr}{U(1)}_A = 180. \end{aligned} (A.6) The massless matter spectrum consists of: (i) “Observable” sector matter pa...
Effect of particle size and saturation conditions on the breakage factor of weak rockfill materials under one-dimensional compression testing. Geomechanics and Engineering, 2020, 21(4): 315-326. DOI:10.12989/GAE.2020.21.4.315 169. Suescun-Florez, E., Iskander, M., Bless, S. Evolution of ...
7B). To fully exploit the scaling factor and differentially migrate the particles based on size, as shown in S4 in the ESI, a sheath flow is necessary to initially position the particles into a narrow stream at the inner wall. Note, although it is possible to focus the particles using ...
The factor K abbreviates the first d-2 of those factors and S_d denotes the surface area of the d-sphere. Note that \theta _1 to \theta _{d-1} take values between 0 and \pi , and an additional angle \phi takes values values between 0 and 2\pi . We then define a flow {\...
The color multiplication factor. If this value is zero, the color will not be applied; if it is one, the color will be multiplied as is. Flow Map You can use the Flow Map to distort the Base Map to the specified directions.
(e), respectively. Our modeling result suggests a strong correlation between the degree of CBD attachment and the level of calculated electrical resistance heterogeneity.d,gThe same particles of the (c) and (f) presented without the void phase. The scale bar in (a), (c), and (f) are ...