Fractional order (FO) calculus is essentially an arbitrary-order calculus whose order can be real or even complex, which is a further extension of integer order calculus. To improve the accuracy of the PID controller, the differential order µ and the integral order λ are extended to the re...
In addition, from Figure 14, it was confirmed visually that calculus, which is a tartar model, was removed. Figure 15 reveals that Ca shown in brown before blasting was not seen after blasting, but Ti was seen in the entire figure after blasting; thus, the removal of the tartar model ...