Relevant reactions are reviewed for all the above and include interactions with atomic electrons leading to ionization and excitation, and nuclear reactions leading to scattering, displacement and the production of secondary particles and induced radioactivity. The terminology used to quantify the ...
Journal1999, Physics Reports Martin W. Grünewald The aim of particle physics is to describe the elementary constituents of matter and the interactions between them. This field of physics entered its modern phase at the end of the 19th century with a series of exciting discoveries: X-rays by ...
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66 have examined crack/particle interactions in an Al2O3/SiC nanocomposite, where the typical particle size is of the order of 200 nm, using in situ deformation in the TEM. They have determined that the intragranular particles are not effective in deflecting the crack and microcracking around ...
A quantum computer that can simulate interactions between fundamental particles has been unveiled by physicists in Austria. Four trapped ions were used to model the physics that describes the creation and annihilation of electron–positron pairs. While the result can be easily calculated using a con...
Currently, PEPT is restricted to industrial applications such as the evaluation of particle–fluid or particle–particle interactions in the pharmaceutical, chemical, oil, mining, construction and power generation industries, among others2,3,4. Due to the extraordinary spatiotemporal resolution of PEPT,...
“lepton flavor universality,” and it is one of the predictions of our Standard Model of particle physics, which describes all the known fundamental particles and their interactions (except for gravity). For several decades after the invention of the Standard Model, particles seemed to obey this...
Fig. 7.1. Adsorption of a homogeneous spherical particle to an oil-water interface. Once trapped at the interface, particles can experience strong lateral interactions that can lead to the formation of a wide range of assemblies. A key to controlling such assembly processes relies on a deep unde...
163Altmetric Metrics Abstract Our knowledge of the fundamental particles of nature and their interactions is summarized by the standard model of particle physics. Advancing our understanding in this field has required experiments that operate at ever higher energies and intensities, which produce extremely...
A typical application of deep learning in experimental high-energy physics is concerned with the reconstruction of particle interactions [2]. These include discrete quantities like particle type [3] or continuous quantities like direction, position and energy [4]. Traditionally, reconstructions of ...