Pap smear analysis and reports are all based on a medical terminology system called The Bethesda System. The system was developed (at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in Bethesda, Maryland) to encourage all medical professionals analyzing Pap smears to use the same reporting system. Standar...
Papanicolaou smear (Pap smear, cervical smear)is a safe, noninvasive cytological examination for early detection of cervicalcancer. During the 1900s, cervicalcancerwas one of the leading cause ofdeathamong women. It was until the year 1928, where a greek physician George Nicholas Papanicolaou was ...
Terminology for the interpretation of Pap smears was standardized in 2001, eliminating much confusion about the interpretation of smears; and by 2003 it became possible to detect the HPV virus from the Pap smear sample itself, enabling doctors to identify high-risk women. In 2003, both The ACS...
(age, disease duration, CD4 count and ART use).AimsTo study the spectrum of cytological abnormalities on Pap smear in HIV-positive females and classify precancerous and cancerous lesions in HIV-positive females according to Bethesda system 2001 and to be familiar with terminology and morphological...
products, and this includes vaccines. It involves understanding the different types of cervical cancer; understanding the various risk factors, including HPV and endocrine disruptors; and being informed about the benefits and limitations of the screening tests, such as the Pap smear and the HPV ...
Cost-effectiveness of Pap smear screening for vaginal cancer after total hysterectomy for benign disease. J Lower Genital Tract Dis 2003;7(3):194–202. CrossRef Mao C. Do liquid-based Pap smears need a transformation zone component? Cont Ob/Gyn 2003;48(7):78–83. McCance DJ. Human ...
Cramer HM, Skinner-Wannemuehler SE, Brown DR, Katz BP, Fife KH (1997) Cytomorphologic correlates of human papillomavirus infection in the ‘normal’ cervicovaginal smear. Acta Cytol 41(2): 261–268 Article CAS Google Scholar de Cremoux P, Coste J, Sastre-Garau X, Thioux M, Bouillac ...
The Pap smear for cervical cancer screening was first introduced in the 1940s. Since then, the incidence of cervical cancer in the USA has decreased from 14/100,000 to 7.4/100,000 in 2018 (NIH National Cancer Institute. www.seer.cancer.gov ). The addit
(2024) 24:182 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-023-08942-1 BMC Infectious Diseases RESEARCH Open Access Hsa-miR-194-5p and hsa-miR-195-5p are down-regulated expressed in high dysplasia HPV-positive Pap smear samples compared to normal cytology HPV-positive Pap smear samples Ali ...
Aims:To study the spectrum of cytological abnormalities on Pap smear in HIV-positive females and classify precancerous and cancerous lesions in HIV-positive females according to Bethesda system 2001 and to be familiar with terminology and morphological criteria of Bethesda system 2001. To study the...