Historically, in Western countries, natural resins (e.g., dammar, sandarac, and mastic) were employed to prepare varnishes, serving both as protective coatings and enhancers of the visual aesthetics of paintings [2], [3]. Over time, environmental factors like light, temperature, humidity, and...
Oil pastels are pigments ground inmasticwith a variety of oils and waxes. They are used in a similar way to that of French pastels but are already fixed and harder, producing a permanent, waxy finish. Oil-pastel paintings are generally executed onwhite paper, card, or canvas. The colors ...
Observing the Child’s head, it was also possible to identify some areas where the gold was painted over the red outline of the head, suggesting the application of gold as the last refinement (Figure 13). However, the dimension of the gold parts was comparable or smaller than the X-ray ...
I realize this may take up to a month to dry but I’m wondering if literally pouring Gamvar over the surface of my 36×36 in oil on gesso board will create the smooth top pool layer I’m looking for. After several paintings I’ve tried to keep the paint stroke birms very shallow ...
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