The timescale suggests that neuropathic pain really represents the maladaptive response of the nervous system to damage, as opposed to the immediate consequence of that damage. The result is a difficult-to-treat mix of varied symptoms. It should also be recognized that many chronic pain conditions...
Numerical rating scale 11 RA: Rectus abdominis muscle TrA: Transverse abdominal muscle VR-1: Vanilloid receptor 1 References Clarke GR. Unequal leg length: an accurate method of detection and some clinical results. Rheumatol Phys Med. 1972;11(8):385–90. https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatol...
Pain intensity was assessed by using an 11-point numeric rating scale (NRS) with 0 representing no pain, and 10 representing most severe pain. 11-point-NRS was also used for satisfaction with analgesic therapy being 0, completely unsatisfied and 10, completely satisfied. Table 1 Overview of ...
CMP = chronic musculoskeletal pain , NRS = numeric rating scale. Full size image Table 1 Participant baseline characteristics (n = 139). Full size table Effects of exercise on pain and associated factors We analyzed the change in pain after the intervention, as well as ...
while 10 subjects without postamputee pain were selected as controls.Anxiety related to pain was measured by the Pain and Anxiety Symptoms Scale-20 (PASS).Current pain was rated with the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and the McGill Pain Questionnaire Short Form (MPQ).Depression was evaluated using...
Conclusion The present cross-sectional study using a large-scale population from the ROAD study showed that joint space narrowing had a significant association with knee pain. The thresholds of joint space narrowing for knee pain were also established.Previous...
Additional file 1: Video 1.: Normal behaviours and pain behaviours in cattle. (MP4 17 MB) The Cronbach's α coefficient of the scale after refinement was 0.866, indicating that the instrument has excellent internal consistency and lending weight to the feasibility of using the total score to ...
(partly included in Table10), where the incidence of back pain varies greatly between 10 % and 75% [164]. Most patients present with a sudden onset of acute severe LBP (pain scale: 7/10, [165]). Possible accompanying symptoms are chest discomfort, abdominal pain, nausea/vomiting, and ...
Participants were recruited through advertisement in public areas of the University of Geneva and selected according to their score on the Harvard Hypnotic Suggestibility Scale35. Only participants scoring higher than 6 on a 12 points scale were invited to take part in the fMRI experiment. 20 partic...
Despite progress, the difficulties inherent to the process of discriminating the presence of pain and its intensity in wild species, such as macaques is aggravated by the lack of a standardized measurement scale. Reliance solely on physiological indicators can be misleading as prolonged anxiety, fear...