aSulfate radicals, as a strong oxidizing agent, most likely gain electrons from the reductive ammonia nitrogen (NH3 and NH4þ), so that the nitrogen of ammonia is oxidized to a higher valence state (e.g. N2). Furthermore, persulfate significantly removed ammonia only at a high dose (S2...
Reductive Gain It seems counterintuitive that carbon dioxide, the compound that's reduced in photosynthesis, gains electrons. This electron transfer is called reduction because the addition of negatively charged electrons reduces the overall charge of the molecule; that is, it makes the molecule less ...
b, Schematic of the model for the oxidation process of conventional Cu NPs (top) and non-oxidized Cu NPs with surface-accumulated excess electrons (bottom). δ+ and δ– correspond to the amount of electron loss in Cu and electron gain in O, respectively. Source data Full size image The...
aFor the ammonia removal, sulfate radicals produced during TPO were able to effectively remove ammonia, like COD. Sulfate radicals, as a strong oxidizing agent, most likely gain electrons from the reductive ammonia nitrogen (NH3 and NH4þ), so that the nitrogen of ammonia is oxidized to a ...
Chemicals that uncouple share the ability to gain and lose a proton, with pKa values that allow them to accept a proton in the intermembrane space and release it into the matrix, and are lipophilic enough (even when ionized, often via charge delocalization across aromatic rings) to diffuse ...