Oxidative stress, the earliest event occurring in AD, initially leads neurons to activate neuronal defenses, including stress-activated protein kinases (SAPK), tau (τ) phosphorylation, and amyloid-β (Aβ), to maintain homeostatic balance. However, given the chronic and insidious nature of ...
In contrast, cancer cells prefer to obtain energy from glycolysis in the cytosol even in the abundant oxygen supply, a phenomenon known as the “Warburg effect” [57]. This can be attributed to the fact that the yield rate of glycolysis is much faster than oxidative phosphorylation, even ...
Some authors reported that CoQ10 may have a beneficial effect in the treatment of oxidative phosphorylation disorders [65] and can reduce oxidative stress in glaucoma patients [66]. Polyphenols are a group of water-soluble, plant-derived substances, characterized by the presence of more than one ...
Thus, at molecular level, we focused on the AMPA receptor phosphorylation (AMPAR) at Ser845 (pGluA1Ser845), which is known to be crucial in receptor function, trafficking, and conductance, also in experimental models of experience-dependent synaptic plasticity [81,82,83,84]. Western blot ...
Moreover, the inhibition of Sch9 phosphorylation and the promotion of nuclear translocation of Rim15 and Msn2 were observed after treatment with denrobine. However, the effect of dendrobine disappeared from the Δrim15 yeast mutant after lifespan extension, oxidative stress reduction, and autophagy...
Studies have demonstrated that UCP1 decreased the oxidative phosphorylation efficiency and participated in the control of mitochondrial ROS production. Our study also found that through ROS fluorescence detection kit, the fluorescence intensity increased significantly in TGF-β1 stimulated HK2 cells, while ...
During energy conversion, ROS are produced as a by-product of oxidative phosphorylation, which is presumed to be the major source of superoxide () production [4, 5]. ROS can also be produced through a variety of enzymes including xanthine oxidase and NAD(P)H oxidase [3]. Under normal ...
refers to a phenomenon in which the addition of a chemical substance to a phosphorylating preparation allows electron transport (even at enhanced rates—loss of 'respiratory control') but without concomitant phosphorylation. such substances do not inhibit the atp synthase directly as they do not ...
2019), which mainly takes place at the electron transport chain located on the inner mitochondrial membrane during the process of oxidative phosphorylation. Leakage of electrons at complex I and complex III from electron transport chains leads to a partial reduction of oxygen to form superoxide. ...
The activation of the IRS/PI3K/Akt pathway leads to eNOS phosphorylation of Ser1179 and the production of nitric oxide (NO) within minutes. In the presence of BH4, eNOS produces NO during the conversion of L-arginine to L-citrulline. In the absence of BH4, eNOS uncoupling catalysis forms ...