The term "oxidative phosphorylation," as distinct from photosynthetic and glycolytic phosphorylation, means that the transfer of electrons (hydrogen) from the oxidizable substance to oxygen or another acceptor is effected by means of specific dehydrogenases and other enzymes forming the respiratory chain...
Oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in the mitochondrial inner membrane is a therapeutic target in many diseases. Neural stem cells (NSCs) show progress in improving mitochondrial dysfunction in the central nervous system (CNS). However, translating neural stem cell-based therapies to the clinic is cha...
The mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system is the final biochemical pathway in the production of ATP. The OXPHOS system consists of five multiprotein complexes, the individual subunits of which are encoded either by the mitochondrial or by the nuclear genome. Defects in the OXPHOS sy...
The final phase of cellular respiration is oxidative phosphorylation . Both the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis make up oxidative phosphorylation. During this phase of cellular respiration, all of the NADH and FADH 2 that were produced in other phases of cellular respiration (glycolysis, the...
In turn weakens the oxidative phosphorylation of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, leading to depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential, abnormalities in mitochondrial DNA, and blockage of electrons during transport, thereby upregulating ROS production [43,45]. It has also been shown that ...
In hypertension, oxidative stress promotes posttranslational modification (oxidation and phosphorylation) of proteins and aberrant signalling with consequent cell and tissue damage. Many enzymatic systems generate ROS, but NADPH oxidases (Nox) are the major sources in cells of the heart, vessels, ...
Shoffner JM. Oxidative phosphorylation disease: diagnosis and pathogenesis. In: Berdainer CD (eds) Mitochondria in Health and Disease. Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, 2005; pp. 247–300 ChapterGoogle Scholar Tengan CH, Gabbai AA, Shanske S, Zeviani M, Moraes CT. Oxidative phosphorylation dysfunct...
Toward this end, and based on our previous work demonstrating the metabolic differences that exist between PaCSCs and non-PaCSCs, we describe herein a long-term and sustained cell culture system enriched in PaCSCs based on forced oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), defined by electron transport ...
proliferation and induced genes associated with stem-like progenitor T cells. As a result, antioxidant treatment enhanced the anti-tumor efficacy of chronically stimulated T cells. These data reveal that loss of ATP production through oxidative phosphorylation limits T cell proliferation and effector ...
During oxidative phosphorylation, the mitochondria generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ‘free radicals.’ The production of ROS can be influenced by calorie intake and other nutritional variables, as well as energetic demands and environmental stress (Loeb et al., 2005; Wallace, 2008). ...