The oxidation number of other halogens (Cl, Br, I) is also –1, except when they are combined with oxygen. The oxidation number of halides (except fluorine) combined with oxygen is typically positive. For example, in ClO - , chlorine’s oxidation number is +1. 7. For a complex ion,...
A further report suggests that the injection of Cl− significantly enhances the remediation of ACT, where the generation of •OH and reactive chlorine species is attributed to play dominant roles [71]. Other approaches have used zero valent copper to activate PS via ultrasound for the ...
In our previous work11, we observe that the scale of corrosion products of Ti60 alloys can be divided into an outer the corrosion layer and an inner corrosion layer after exposure at 600 ˚C in the environment of NaCl + H2O + O2. The chlorine exists in a Ti-Cl bond which ...
Electrocatalytic H2production from seawater, recognized as a promising technology utilizing offshore renewables, faces challenges from chloride-induced reactions and corrosion. Here, We introduce a catalytic surface where OH–dominates over Cl–in adsorption and activation, which is crucial for O2producti...
In contrast, the Ru/TiO2 catalyst displayed much better catalytic performance and higher stability in a long-term test than the other two catalysts because the harmful species of chlorine and carbon could be effectively moved away by RuO2. They also pointed out that the suitable pore-size ...
There are two chlorines joining the two nonbonded W atoms with Cl–W distance of 2.50 Å (250 pm), a length that corresponds well to the increase by −0.37ln(½) = 0.26 Å (26 pm) required by eq. 1 when bond order decreases from 1 to ½ for maintenance of the 8−N ...
in two layers. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the action of chlorine, peracetic acid, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and an advanced oxidation process (AOP), which consist in the association between UV radiation and hydrogen peroxide, onGiardia lambliacysts, artificially inoculated in samples of...
The photoreactivity of the chlorine atom is higher than that of the hydroxyl group. In the presence of peroxides, chlorophenols react rapidly under conditions of UV r adiation41. Under maximum dosage conditions, a large amount of 4-chlorocatechol was degraded and less amounts of p-...
Pollution of waters by azo dyes is a major global issue because some azo dyes have carcinogenic and mutagenic effects. Therefore, advanced methods are required to remove those pollutants from wastewater. For instance, electrochemical oxidation processes have been developed using various approaches to rem...
Different from common oxidants such as chlorine and ozone that have a dual role of decontamination and disinfection, AOPs are applied primarily for destruction of organic or inorganic contaminants in water and wastewater. Although AOP inactivation of path- ogens and pathogenic indicators have been ...