These practices emerged from the intersection of the domestic American market for depictions of citizens abroad, Ottoman regulation on foreign nationals in the Empire that required flag display on boats and camps, and the energy of Ottoman travel industry workers who helped American visitors' extend ...
The Ottoman Empire is named after its eponymous founder, the Emir Osman. "Osman" is from Arabic عُثْمَان, ʿUθmān, the name of the Third Caliph. We get /s/ in "Osman" because the /θ/ becomes /s/ in Persian, a language that, for secular purposes, had ...