reverse osmosis takes place when the solvent passes through the membrane against the concentration gradient. it basically moves from a higher concentration to a lower concentration. reverse osmosis process osmotic pressure is the minimum pressure required to stop solvent flow through the semipermeable memb...
Intermittent chlorine injection (ICI) has been demonstrated to successfully reduce biofouling on cellulose triacetate (CTA) membranes in seawater containing heavy metals, but a systematic study was required to identify the optimal combination of dose, duration and frequency for the plant-specific feed wa...
Alpha amylase alone can convert starch into syrups, but for practical application of the process an elevated temperature is required. Activation of the enzyme by preheating to 50 °C is advisable.1745–1747 Bacterial amylases are valuable for the saccharification of starch, thus a 40% corn-starch...
The datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current study are not publicly available due [All the required data are only with the corresponding author] but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.Abbreviations a and b: Parameters of Eyring-Powell model \(\overline{...
The datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current study are not publicly available due [All the required data are only with the corresponding author] but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. Abbreviations a and b: Parameters of Eyring-Powell model \(\overline...
In a conventional pre-treatment scheme, consisting of clarification and particulate and micron filtrations, along with chemical conditioning, the chemical dose rates are required to be pre-determined and monitored according to the changing raw water quality. In the RO section, operating pressure and ...
Although BVM may not appear to offer any direct economic value, as no additional by-products are produced, higher process recoveries do lead to an exponential decrease in the final brine volume and the required seawater extraction rate (feed) for a constant freshwater production rate. This trend...
Also, the RO device and system avoids any need for terminal sterilization as required by known peritoneal dialysis devices. Alternatively, the RO device and system of the present invention may be adapted to supply sterile water for the formulation of dialysate for use in hemodialyzers. The hemo...
Finally, further research is required to investigate the scalability of these modification techniques for practical applications.Previous article in issue Next article in issue Keywords Forward Osmosis Polyamide Thin Film Composite Water treatment Desalination...
Thus skill is required in selecting a membrane to obtain the best flux and selectivity for a given lube oil grade. An example of this is shown in Figure 6. The intersect of the two curves shows that a membrane of, in this case, about 10,000 MWCO gives the highest flux at 70 1/m...