Estimate Mr Jones' plasma osmolality: sodium concentration 154 mmol/L, urea 15 mmol/L and glucose 8 mmol/L. (Answer: [2 × 154] + 15 + 8 = 331 mOsm/L). The osmolality of Mr Jones' urine was <50 mOsm/kg. What would it be if he did not have diabetes insipidus and his serum ...
The particle volume is not well defined for a soft particle like a Lennard–Jones particle, but we have used \(b=\pi \sigma _{33}^3 /6\). The number of fluid particles in the matrix is $$\begin{aligned} N_\mathrm{f}^\mathrm{m} = \rho _\mathrm{f}^\mathrm{m} V_\mathrm{...
Oceans and seawaters are subjected to contaminate by sewages and urban/industrial/hospital wastewaters in recent years. These contaminations are more prevalent in developing countries where there are not effective sanitation networks. However, the problem of contamination by wastewater in some of the ...