The physical layer in OSI Model is the lowest layer. It includes physical equipment, such as switches and cables, that is required in the process of data transfer. The physical layer transfers unstructured, raw data bits, between the physical layers of the sending and the receiving device, eit...
In order for the OSI model to work as described, despite the greatest possible freedom with regard to the devices used, “all stakeholders” must nevertheless adhere to certain rules of the game. These rules are defined in the model protocols, which apply to the individual layers or are used...