Charge order (CO) or periodic spatial modulations of charge density (charge density wave, CDW). CO was first discovered in the La-based cuprates with the K2NiF4 structure (La214), La2-x-yNdySrxCuO4 and La2-xBaxCuO4 (LBCO) at x ~ 1/8 as stripe order (Tranquada et al., 1995)...
C. Valdemoro, Approximating the 2nd-order reduced density-matrix in terms of the 1st- order one, Phys. Rev. A 45, 4462 (1992).Valdemoro, C.: Approximating the 2nd-order reduced density-matrix in terms of the first-order one. Phys. Rev. A 45 , 4462–4467 (1992) ADS...
The above completes one realization of optimization, and 1000 realizations are conducted with various configurations of initialized networks. In total, we have two hyperparameters about the iteration. The first is the maximum number of iterations to reduce the eigenratio to the target value (100 tim...
QΩ indicates rotational regions in the flow field, as it is proportional to enstrophy density ξ [34]. The GMM generates two variables, pv and pi, which represent the probability that each point in the mesh belongs to a viscous rotational or inviscid irrotational region. It is important to...
1, that joins at the top when all elements are placed in a single cluster. Rather, the output of hierarchical agglomerative clustering would take the form of partial dendrograms like those of Fig. 3. Fig. 3 Partial dendrograms over the set X={a,b,c,d} with a<b and c<d. Each ...
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predictive coding theory of brain function suggesting that a fundamental operating principle is to seek to reduce variational free energy, that is to reduce surprise by utilizing statistical information to anticipate upcoming states23,61,63. Observations enable accumulation of a probability density over ...
However, the sample distribution will not be smooth, but contain variations in the density of τ’s, either random or related to modes in the underlying probability distribution, which will prove important later. We will next obtain a provisional delay estimate from the time of the maximum ...
1). Stream density as recorded in this limited dataset is highest in Central Amazonia and lowest in the semi-arid regions of Brazil. Table 1 Drainage systems in different hydrographic basins*, precipitation, and density of 1st- and 2nd-order streams. The number in front of the river name ...
Group 1 consists of Y and Gd15,17. In the Mg-Al-RE ternary systems containing these RE elements, the OD phase is observed in the as-solidified ingot and the volume fraction the OD phase increases upon annealing, as shown in Fig.1(a,e)for the case of RE = Y. Group 2 consists...