EU lawExternal RelationsArea of Freedom Security and JusticeRule-MakingExternal NormsThis article considers how external norms, i.e. instruments of public international law, including but not limited to Conventions, agreements and treaties qua n
For example, as the 10 ASEAN* countries of Southeast Asia have built out their manufacturing competencies, they have become more connected with China’s manufacturing supply chain. ASEAN members imported US$177 billion of goods from China in 2012. In just 10 years, this more than doubled to ...
Also during this period, a dozen developing countries embarked on a swift growth path, but never seriously considered joining their forces. They attached great importance to their bilateral ties with the developed countries while busy pursuing their own regional integration plans. The outbreak of the...
A key benefit would be the reduction of inflation rates in the short term. “By joining a monetary union with a credible anchor country or set of countries, a client country eliminates the inflation bias arising from time inconsistency in monetary policy” (Alesina & Barro, 2002). The ...
Liesje Schreinemacher added that other EU countries should follow Dutch to maintain a consistent position, said a report by local newspaper NRC on March 8.She explained the reasons for the restrictions, and said that they aim to avoid using Dutch equipment in the military, ensure the country's...
Gist of the Kazan Declaration, which begins by saying, "We, the Leaders of BRICS countries, met in Kazan, Russian Federation, from October 22 to 24, 2024 for the XVI BRICS Summit held under the theme: "Strengthening Multilateralism for Just Global Development and Security", included the follo...
In case imminent and concrete menace emerges, would the EU membership be enough to ensure security, or should Finland consider joining NATO? If the latter's case is not excluded, this concept remains to be a transitional one. This problem of NATO membership is, however, premature. It depends...
The Biden administration wants to prevent countries such as China from capitalizing on U.S. investments in the technologies considered critical in the development of military, surveillance, intelligence and cyber-enabled capabilities. The Treasury Department will lead the rule-making, which wil...
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In 2018, 43 leading International Relations scholars in the United States signed a public statement in support of an urgent call to preserve the current in