Reforming Pensions in Zambia: An Analysis of Existing Schemes and Options for ReformThe design of new pension systems in African countries requires choices between defined benefit and defined contribution schemes, between funding or pay-as-you-Queisser, Monika...
Pension funds could be made more sustainable by increasing GDP growth, raising contribution rates, or gradually reducing benefit rates. But the financial costs and social obstacles of those reform options must be carefully assessed. Fully funded, privately managed pension schemes might be feasible, ...
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Small Tank Cascade Systems (STCS) are interconnected small reservoirs constructed in shallow valleys in the dry zone of Sri Lanka. STCS have assumed height
For systems with multiple masters and/or multiple sub-systems that require access to memory, the MCTL provides up to 32 independent host ports. You may select between multiple arbitration schemes that include both per-command and per-port priorities. Up to eight priority levels are supported provi...
VMAT and Tomotherapy are comparable with slight advantages of VMAT for small lesions and improving performance of Tomotherapy for larger lesions. However, all external beam radiotherapy approaches, including Cyberknife, have the important advantage to enable any kind of fractionated schemes. ...
(In other words, why would the private market for retirement annuities not be efficient?) Which of these justi What is the difference between Britain's retirement funds vs America's social security/medicare? What should be done to help ensure that ...
(the cost is present consumption to which the private agent has to give up, and the benefit is the future consumption the agent will enjoy thanks to a higher product level). Although we cannot obtain an explicit equation for the optimal level of private investment, we know from the implicit...
Some provide a substitute for income and may include cash and in-kind transfer programs to directly boost incomes through policies (e.g. universal basic income, employment guarantee schemes, labor-intensive public works programs). Others reduce the cost of essential goods (e.g., food subsidies,...
Small-scale irrigation schemes (SSIS) can also increase production and enhance farmers’ welfare; however, success mainly hinges on access to financial resources, adequate knowledge, and policy support [45]. Crop rotation, mixed cropping, improved varieties, improved nutrient management, supplementary ...