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and they therefore appear as noise in the spectrum. The generation rate of electron-hole pairs at a given temperature is referred to as dark current. The fluctuation in dark current is a result of shot noise and gives rise to dark noise. Since dark current is a continuous production of ele...
The present-day success of intraocular lenses is due to more skillful microsurgery, as well as better design, finish, and fixation of the lenses. In addition, a better understanding of positioning of the lenses within the capsular bag, the use of the YAG laser for capsular opacification, and...
High-energy lasers have benefited from intense efforts to bring light-matter interactions to new standards and to achieve laser fusion ignition. One of the main issues to further increasing laser energy is the resistance of optical materials to high lase
of York, UK 2012 Laser Science Topic Organizers LS 1: Fundamentals and Applications of Photonic Crystals Robert W. Boyd, Univ. of Ottawa, Canada and Univ. of Rochester, USA LS 2: Optical and Laser-Based Approaches in Chemical and Biological Sensing Sharon M. Weiss, Vanderbilt Univ...
in the field of radio technology, as in optics and laser technology. This is because the photon energy of radio waves is very tiny compared with the thermal energy kBT at room temperature, whereas the opposite is true for optical phenomena....
(corrected acceptance) probabilities. Error bars are uncertainties assuming Poisson count statistics.cThe results of the swap test for typical cases: the two states are proper and the same (the first panel); the two states are proper but not the same (the second and third panels), one of ...
This ability is the culmination of decades of research in the field of photonics, providing us with the elements of today's optical communication systems: diverse laser sources, high-speed optoelectronic devices for modulation and detection, low-loss optical fibers, optical amplifiers, dispersion ...
Freeform optics has certain characteristics such as complex surfaces and more degrees to be controlled, so that it is capable of achieving optical mapping relationship, which cannot be achieved by the conventional optical surfaces. There is no applicable method for designing all freeform optics in ...
Drawing rate regulated by a laser micrometer to yield a consistent diameter. Fibers typically drawn at a rate of 10–20 m/s. 2. Draw the fibers from the preform. howstuffworks How to make in lab? [ figs courtesy Y. Fink et al., MIT ] ...