An integrated optical sensor for the detection of gases like CO$-2$/ and SO$-2$/ is described. The working principle is as follows: The gas to be measured is absorbed by a sensitive film, which changes its refractive index with gas absorption. The sensitive film is deposited onto an ...
The principle of optical-fiber-based CO2 sensors relies on the difference in absorbance or reflectance upon the response of CO2 gas. Fiber optic gas sensors are chemically inert and do not cross-react with the gas in the background. In addition, a fiber optic gas sensor has the disadvantage...
4a. Specifically, we measured the temporal deformation of the suspended membrane of a micromachined gas sensor29, working in modulated operation mode. The suspended micro-hotplate is heated through an electrical current that varies sinusoidally in time. Such a modulation allows performing a spectral ...
FBG Sensor Working Principle FBG sensor technology is applied to products based on sophisticated physics and technology. Laser light travels through a fiber core in an exact defined manner. Bragg grating is photolithographed onto the core of a piece of optical fiber and reflections of this grating...
The working principle of space-domain active FCRD sensing system can be described as follows. The CW light generated from the tunable semiconductor laser (TSL) is coupled into the frequency-shifted interferometer through the circulator (Cir) and the fiber coupler C0. It produces two light beams ...
(d) Working principle of the electrochemically controlled metasurface. (e) Illustration of the programmable meta-hologram based on SLM. (f) Schematic of the gas sensor based on meta-hologram. (a) Reproduced with permission [61]. Copyright 2020, Nature Publishing Group. (b) Reproduced with ...
aA miniaturized all-optical akinetic detector based on a rigid F-P resonator.bPhotoacoustic images of Feulgen-stained Allium Cepa histology samples.cSchematic illustration of the buckled-dome ultrasound sensor.dThe principle of DCOS.eComparison between the DCOS experimental data and the HITRAN model....
18.3. Schematic representation of the working principle of a reflective optical probe: light emitted from one probe half (= source) scatters back on the particles and is captured by the other probe half (= sensor). Compared to other measurement techniques, optical probes have the advantage of ...
A suite of measurements of refractive index $$n(p,\ T_{90})$$ is reported for gas phase ordinary water H $$_2$$ O and heavy water D $$_2$$ O. The methodolo
Furthermore, the Stefan-Boltzmann law was used to explain the IR image result, based on the working principle of an IR camera. The radiated thermal energy of an object (illustrated as P = εσT4) is directly related to the surface temperature and IR emissivity; here, ε is the surface ...