These control actions are mainly applied through definition of a binary variable (e.g., 𝜒𝐺𝑟𝑖𝑑𝑡χtGrid ) as follows [6]: 𝑃𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑡≤𝑃𝐺𝑟𝑖𝑑𝑀𝑎𝑥×𝜒𝐺𝑟𝑖𝑑𝑡Ptimport≤PMaxGrid×χtGrid (5) 𝑃𝐸𝑥𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑡...
Thus, the Five Freedoms paradigm became so integrated into the understanding of animal welfare and its management that it, at least implicitly, assumed a status akin to a definition [3,4]. Broom [9] defined animal welfare more explicitly as "the state of an animal as regards its attempts ...
EUROCONTROL defines resilience as "the intrinsic ability of a system to adjust its functioning prior to, during, or following changes and disturbances, so that it can sustain required operations under both expected and unexpected conditions" [2]. This definition is mainly based on the work of ...
Table 1. Overall procedure of FOT for autonomous vehicles. No. Process Description Research questions (RQ) and hypothesis establishment, 1 Preparation activity definition, vehicle, performance indicators (PIs) selection, data acquisition plan, scenario definition, etc. Define baseline data, re-establish...