Introduction Figure 1.A sea urchin begins life as a single diploid cell (zygote) that (a) divides through cell division to form two genetically identical daughter cells, visible here through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). After four rounds of cell division, (b) there are 16 cells, as s...
OpenStax Biology 2e 14. DNA Structure and Function Search for: DNA Replication in EukaryotesLearning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to do the following: Discuss the similarities and differences between DNA replication in eukaryotes and prokaryotes State the role of telomer...
OpenStax Biology 2e 14. DNA Structure and Function Search for: Basics of DNA ReplicationLearning ObjectivesBy the end of this section, you will be able to do the following:Explain how the structure of DNA reveals the replication process Describe the Meselson and Stahl experimentsThe...
OpenStax Biology 2e 16. Gene Expression Search for: Eukaryotic Transcription Gene RegulationLearning ObjectivesBy the end of this section, you will be able to do the following:Discuss the role of transcription factors in gene regulation Explain how enhancers and repressors regulate gene expressionLike...
OpenStax Biology 2e 16. Gene Expression Search for: Eukaryotic Epigenetic Gene RegulationLearning ObjectivesBy the end of this section, you will be able to do the following:Explain how chromatin remodeling controls transcriptional access Describe how access to DNA is controlled by histone modification...
OpenStax Biology 2e 12. Mendel’s Experiments and Heredity Search for: IntroductionFigure 1. Experimenting with thousands of garden peas, Mendel uncovered the fundamentals of genetics. (credit: modification of work by Jerry Kirkhart) Genetics is the study of heredity. Johann Gregor Mendel set the...
OpenStax Biology 2e 6. Metabolism Search for: EnzymesLearning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to do the following: Describe the role of enzymes in metabolic pathways Explain how enzymes function as molecular catalysts Discuss enzyme regulation by various factors A substance...
OpenStax Biology 2e 7. Cellular Respiration Search for: GlycolysisLearning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to do the following: Describe the overall result in terms of molecules produced during the chemical breakdown of glucose by glycolysis Compare the output of glycolysis...
OpenStax Biology 2e 4. Cell Structure Search for: Eukaryotic CellsLearning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to do the following: Describe the structure of eukaryotic cells Compare animal cells with plant cells State the role of the plasma membrane Summarize the functions...
OpenStax Biology 2e 7. Cellular Respiration Search for: IntroductionFigure 1. This geothermal energy plant transforms thermal energy from deep in the ground into electrical energy, which can be easily used. (credit: modification of work by the U.S. Department of Defense) The electrical energy ...