The hemolymph is composed of a fluid plasma (containing water, organic compounds, and inorganic salts such as Na+, Cl–, K+, Mg2+, and Ca2+). There are also free-floating cells called hemocytes that are involved in the immune function. Examples of animals with open circulatory system incl...
There are no arteries or major veins to pump the hemolymph, so blood pressure is very low. Organisms with an open circulatory system typically have a relatively high volume of hemolymph and low blood pressure. Examples of animals with open circulatory systems include insects, spiders, prawns and ...
At stage 58,Xenopustadpoles enter metamorphosis, a process of drastic morphological transformations and complex physiological changes.In totoimaging of whole animals during this transition provides a unique opportunity to uncover the molecular mechanisms governing morphogenetic changes, such as limb development...
Indeed, in larger animals in which the analysis of the QT is complex, electrodes have to be placed directly on the cardiac surface to be able to measure variations of the QTc in the millisecond range31. This aspect is impor- tant since the QT variations observed in mice are also in this...
The animals colonising the exposed fjords face challenging conditions. The sediment and fresh water flowing in the glacier melt runoff make it very difficult for many organisms to survive. And, if exposed to them, microplastics can be a serious concern for many marine animals, especially filter-fe...
In larger organisms, cells combine to maketissues, which are groups of similar cells carrying out similar or related functions.Organsare collections of tissues grouped together performing a common function. Organs are present not only in animals but also in plants. Anorgan systemis a higher level...
Evolution of Development: Less Costly Information If information is costly, selection may act on animals to use less costly information. Information on the state of the environment, or the distribution of resources falls on a continuum from "direct" to "indirect" information, in relation to how ...
(e.g. ml.kg-0.67.min−1or ml.kg-0.75.min−1) has also been reported in order to compare RE between individuals and animals with varying body mass [22,33-47]. However, assessing RE by simply measuring VO2does not take into account differences in substrate use at any given ...