However, the power generated by wind turbines can vary rapidly due to fluctuations in wind speed and direction. It is also influenced by terrain, humidity, time of day, and date. The random nature of wind speed poses challenges to the safety and stability of electric power grids when WP is...
We note in passing that our STS spectra show nm-scale spatial fluctuations of the chemical potential of the order of ±40 meV (Supplementary Note 5), presumably induced by inhomogeneities in doping concentration as known from related semiconducting substrates20,21. In our ARPES data, this ...
In our model, fluctuations in enzyme concentrations can be directly mapped to changes in the effective enzymatic rates. Therefore, as shown in Figure 1, fluctuations that increase or decrease the effective enzymatic rates will lead to a steeper or shallower gradient, respectively. For enzymatic ...
First, the magnitude and spatial range of the impacts of future urban expansion on global terrestrial biodiversity are profound and thus should not be ignored. Specifically, natural habitat loss will increase by 694–1509% from 2020 to 2100 across the five SSP scenarios, and the loss in natural...
Furthermore, CFD simulations provide a three-dimensional representation of the flow field surrounding the model building, giving insight on the flow physics causing the pressure fluctuations. Also, CFD simulations can be used earlier in the design phase because geometrical modifications can be more ...
3.2.2. Examination of fluctuations in the land use intensity index The integrated index for land use intensity provides a quantitative assessment of human activities pertaining to the development and utilization of the ecological environment through the lens of land use. Utilizing a comprehensive analysi...
In a first step, a set of 10 statistical metrics is computed for each radar image separately. Among these metrics, three relate to the marginal distribution of rain intensity observed in the image; three characterize the spatial arrangement of rain patterns within the image; and four evaluate ...
The influence of the outlet–inlet ratio, length–diameter aspect ratio, and wall roughness of the nozzle on the spatial distribution of pressure and velocity were studied. 2. CFD Model and Numerical Solution Due to the sudden change of the flow area in the sudden expansion nozzles, the ...
Hence, only one velocity exists in a representative elementary volume (REV) in time and space; therefore, velocity fluctuations within the REV are neglected. They are considered in the transport equation as mechanical dispersion. The numerical simulator results are compared with the analytical solution...
“Intensity interferometry is something else. It doesn’t involve addition of amplitudes or preservation of phases. Instead, light is recorded from a single source at two separate detectors (or telescopes), and the fluctuations in the intensities of the two signals are compared. Spatial information...