Structural Basis for On- and Off-Center Responses in Retinal Bipolar Cellsdoi:10.1126/science.201028William StellAT IshidaDavid O Lightfoot
Retinal cells that respond selectively to light onset or offset are segregated into On and Off pathways. Here, we describe the development of cone bipolar cells whose axonal arbors at maturity synapse onto ganglion cell dendrites confined to On and Off strata of the inner plexiform layer (IPL)....
Ionic mechanisms underlying the responses of off-center bipolar cells in the carp retina. I. Studies on responses evoked by light. Off-center bipolar cells show hyperpolarizing responses to spot illumination in the receptive field center and depolarization responses to an annulus in th... A Kaneko...
Targeting Channelrhodopsin-2 to ON-bipolar Cells With Vitreally Administered AAV Restores ON and OFF Visual Responses in Blind Mice Most inherited retinal dystrophies display progressive photoreceptor cell degeneration leading to severe visual impairment. Optogenetic reactivation of retinal neurons mediated by...
number of cells:320 rated power:120kW rated current:560A rated voltage:215V operating temperature:80°C dimension:176×53×50cm3 weight (incl. pressure vessel):900kg rated efficiency: at 20% load:68% at rated load:56% The integration of the FC propulsion system into a class 212A submarin...
Lithium salts are used as mood-balancing medication prescribed to patients suffering from neuropsychiatric disorders, such as bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder. Lithium salts cross the blood-brain barrier and reach the brain parenchyma withi
2. ON-OFF amacrine cells responded to the initiation and termination of light stimuli with transient depolarizations. Their receptive fields were approximately 0.8-1 mm diam and did not exhibit antagonistic center-and-surround organization. 3. The cells received rod input because they responded to ...
5) Cooling by medication: Due to thermoregulatory center dysfunction in the early stage of HS, the use of drugs, including nonsteroidal drugs and artificial hibernation compounds, to reduce body temperature during treatment on site is not recommended. (4) Rapid fluid recovery: Venous access should...
Schizophrenia shows high heritability and several of the genes associated with this disorder are involved in calcium (Ca2+) signalling and synaptic function. One of these is the Rab-3 interacting molecule-1 (RIM1), which has recently been associated with
Molecular bipolar memristors The photomultiplication photodiodes are dominated by electronic transport. As mentioned before, the etched PEDOT:PSS:AgNWs film contains ions and can act as an ion reservoir to supply mobile ions. Therefore, several questions arise: What happens if ions join transport? An...