While studies of female sexual swelling size, behaviour and vocalisations have accumulated3,11,16,17,18,19, olfactory communication has been neglected20, despite the fact that male primates clearly pay attention to female olfactory signals21. This is particularly the case for Afroeurasian monkeys a...
olfactory signals have clear potential to convey information concerning female fertility and are of obvious interest to males (see58for a review of female sexual signals, including sexual swellings, facial colour and odour, in mandrills, and related implications for on-going ...