These techniques are discussed briefly in the following sections. 1.1.1 Hydrodesulfurization Hydrodesulfurization (HDS) is a catalytic process, which has been used in refineries since 1993 to remove sulfur compounds such as sulfides, disulfides from petroleum fractions [8]. The temperature and hydrogen...
In the digitization process, the O&G industry adopts many digital transformations discussed briefly in the following subsections. 2.2.2.1 Machine learning in geoscience for oil and gas exploration: In the oil and gas exploration, various surveys (e.g., seismic, gravimetric, magnetometry) are ...
Despite those huge gains, Amplify’s stock price Friday was about where it stood before the collapse of energy prices in the early days of the pandemic when oil prices briefly turned negative. Institutional investors own about a third of the company’s shares. Amplify is a very small ...
3. Release the odometer button briefly and press again straight away which brings up a picture of the Brake Fluid symbol. Unfortunately, they don't work for me. They sound like they are for an older Z4, mentioning battery and oil lights, and a key, which I don't have. Anyway, I pu...
(such as styrene and polystyrene) are an example of a chain in this category, because global prices and costs move in conjunction with oil-price fluctuations. Producers in these chains could see margins change briefly during oil-price shocks, because of the time la...
We briefly review previous studies on market efficiency in crude oil and commodities in Section 2.1 and Section 2.2, respectively. Furthermore, we analyze the effects of crude oil on other commodity assets in terms of market efficiency. This study is motivated by previous studies that revealed ...
Antioxidant activity was determined using the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay according to the method of Ishtiaque et al. [61] with some modifications. Briefly, different concentrations of oil (dissolved by 3 mL toluene) were mixed with 1 mL of 0.078 mM DPP...
There are several methods of fractionating fat, but the most commonly used is one in which no additives are used. The process can be briefly described as follows: The AMF, often polished to obtain the highest possible degree of purity in the “raw oil”, is melted and then cooled slowly ...
Australia'sS&P/ASX 200ended 0.13% lower at 7,735.80, after hitting an all-time closing high of 7,745.6 on Friday. On the commodities front, oil prices rose slightly, withWest Texas Intermediatecrude prices briefly crossing the $80 mark for the first time in four months as oil heavyweights...
While it is challenging to briefly summarize such a vast and interdisciplinary literature, current research on private sus- tainability governance is coalescing around the conclusions that rule-based governance through certification schemes tends to lack context sensitivity (Bitzer & Schouten, 2022; ...