Both ITS4 and ITS5 primers were used to amplify the nucleotide sequencing of the ITS region. This fragment region is uniform in a wide variety of fungal groups. This, in turn, aids in revealing the interspecific and, in some situations, intraspecific variation among organisms [36]. Further...
2.2.1. Gram Stain The Gram stain method (Merck, Germany) was performed based on the instructions provided by the manufacturer to differentiate Gram-negative and Gram-positive PGPRs. Isolates were cultured on nutrient agar (Merck, Germany) and incubated for 72 h. Each isolate was observed for ...
Long-term feeding of oxidized-fish-oil diets can lead to the lipid deposition of liver [31]. Based on H&E staining, liver fat vacuolation is usually expressed as the size of hepatocytes and their nuclei [32,33]. In this study, oxidized-fish-oil diets led to lipid deposition in the li...
Bacterial smears were prepared from the suspected colonies and stained with Gram’s stain [56]. 4.3. Identification of Staphylococcus Isolates Staphylococcus isolates were presumptively identified based on their Gram’s stain morphology and colonial features. Additional laboratory tests were used to ...
To identify cells with apoptosis, annexin V bound to fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) was selected to stain cells after induction with samples. Furthermore, nuclear staining fluorescent dye, DAPI, was combined to detect necrotic or late apoptotic cells based on the loss of plasma and nuclear ...
Table 1. Primer sequences. 2.8. Western Blotting The protein was collected from the liver tissue homogenates and cells using RIPA buffer (Biosolution, Seoul, Republic of Korea) with 1:100 protein protease inhibitor cocktail, 1:100 PMSF, and 1:100 phosphatase inhibitor for 30 min on ice. ...
Using the Calcofluor white stain, it can be seen the presence of chitin contained in the yeast cell wall. The integrity of cell membrane was lost using the concentration of 10 mg/mL of essential oil, propidium iodide is able to be inserted in the genetic material, which suggests that the ...
A suitable volume of the supernatant combined with a saturated concentration of 70% w/v glacial ammonium sulfate solution based on the saturation level required to precipitate the enzyme (1:1) was maintained in an ice bath for 20 min. The precipitate was then removed by centrifuging at 3000 ...
All Special Issues“Harmful Algae: Natural Products Research and Medical Application Exploration”―Selected Papers from the 18th International Conference on Harmful Algae (ICHA 2018)20 Years Commemorative Issue in Honor of Professor Paul J. Scheuer3D Cell Culture Based on Marine Resources3rd Internationa...