We investigate the spin flip-flopping rates in 1s → 2p and 2p → 3d optical transitions of the Dirac hydrogen atom by using the spin-dependent selection rules and the magnetic-flux-quantization argument. We showed that some transitions allow spin flip, which is not possible according to the...
The fundamental role of the hydrogen atom in the evolution of the Universe and in the historical development of our understanding of quantum physics makes its antimatter counterpart—the antihydrogen atom—of particular interest. Current standard-model physics requires that hydrogen and antihydrogen have...
Phycobilisomes (PBS) are antenna megacomplexes that transfer energy to photosystems II and I in thylakoids. PBS likely evolved from a basic, inefficient form into the predominant hemidiscoidal shape with radiating peripheral rods. However, it has been ch
In the following, the charge trapping sites are analyzed according to the NMP model as described in Section 2.3. 3.2.1. Charge Transition Level The CTLs for hole and electron capture at the intrinsic trapping sites are shown in Figure 7 in the context of a Si/Si33N44 band diagram. Figur...
2). Hydrogen radicals generated due to the breakage of the C–H bonds were highly reactive and promoted the subsequent decomposition of the HMX molecule. Specifically, the hydrogen radicals attacked the N atoms in the N–NO2 ring, and subsequently attacked the O atoms in NO2 to form a ...
A water molecule is formed by one oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms. The hydrogen atoms are positively charged due to the electron transfer to the oxygen atom, resulting in a polarized water molecule [38], [39]. The positive hydrogen atoms attract the adjacent water molecules via hydrogen ...
High harmonic generation (HHG) is an extremely nonlinear effect generating coherent broadband radiation and pulse durations reaching attosecond timescales. Conventional models of HHG that treat the driving and emitted fields classically are usually very
When electrons move away from the atom core, the valence electrons seem to be in a Coulomb field of a positive charge, which is similar to hydrogen atom model. so the spectrum and energy level are the same as that of the hydrogen atom. 3.Orbit penetration Outside the atom core Z*...
Calculate the change in energy of an electron in a hydrogen atom that transitions from n = 4 to n = 5. Use RH = 2.179 x 10-18 J for the Rydberg constant. Calculate the energy of an electron in the n = 4 level of a hydrogen atom....
The following exothermal event with onset at 162.5 °C (without weight loss) may be ascribed to polyamorphic phase transitions between distinct structural configurations of neighbor states with different potential energies (Fig. 2a, Supplementary Fig. 5). Therefore, the melting phase of ZW-UiO-...