In the review of this Guideline, special attention was given to possible improvements in relation to animal welfare concerns and to the evaluation of all existing information on the test chemical in order to avoid unnecessary testing in laboratory animals. This updated version of Guideline 404 (...
TestGuideline404(TG404);adoptedin1981andrevisedin1992and2002)(2).Inrelationtoanimal15 welfareTG404wasrevisedin2002,allowingforthedeterminationofskincorrosionbyapplyingatiered16 testingstrategy,usingvalidatedinvitroorexvivotestmethods,thusavoidingpainandsufferingof17 animals.InadditiontoTG431(originallyadoptedin20...
OECDTG 404 provides a tier strategy for a stepwise approach to conducting dermal corrosion/irritation studies (Table 5). This tier strategy calls for a series of sequential evaluations and decisions based on existing human and animal data showing effects on skin or mucous membrane, structure–activi...
Three validated in vitro test methods have been adopted as OECD TGs 430, 431 and 435 (5) (6) (7), to be used for the corrosivity part of the tiered testing strategy of TG 404 (4). 3. This Test Guideline addresses the human health endpoint skin irritation. It is based on ...
8. This Test Guideline addresses the in vitro skin irritation component of the tiered testing strategy of TG 404 on dermal corrosion/irritation (4). While this Test Guideline does not provide adequate information on skin corrosion, it should be noted that OECD TG 431 on skin corrosion is ...
The OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) test guidelines (TG) 229—fish short-term reproduction assay (FSTRA) is one of the g
TestGuidelinemaybeusedtodeterminetheskinirritancyofchemicalseitherasastand-alone replacementtestforinvivoskinirritationtestingorasapartialreplacementtestwithinatestingstrategy (3). 2.Theassessmentofskinirritationhastypicallyinvolvedtheuseoflaboratoryanimals[OECDTG404; originallyadoptedin1981andrevisedin1992,2002and2015...
437、中央集权OECD可以有效地将所有权职能的行使与其他可能与之冲突的活动(特别是在GuidelineIIIA中提到的市场监管和政策制定)明确分开,前提是所有权能够得到充分的资源支持,并且其运营能够避免不规范行为。 438、因此,在法治薄弱、治理不佳或腐败感知水平较高的司法管辖区,将大量企业权力集中于一个中央化所有权实体中...
(7), to be used for the corrosivity part of the tiered testing strategy of TG 404 (4). 3. This Test Guideline addresses the human health endpoint skin irritation. It is based on reconstructed human epidermis (RhE), which in its overall design (the use of human derived non-transformed ...
2. The assessment of skin irritation has typically involved the use of laboratory animals [OECD TG 404; originally adopted in 1981 and revised in 1992, 2002 and 2015] (4). For the testing of corrosivity, three validated in vitro test methods have been adopted as OECD TGs 430, 431 and ...